Kyros Energy Introduction
Kyros Energy LLC is a global clean energy company that is focused on the production of electricity and other resources utilizing a waste management process that also provides a positive impact on how waste affects health, the environment and aesthetics. Kyros Energy LLC offers various solutions and benefits to address some of the important needs of Mali. Kyros Energy provides three solution options that can be packaged together or as individual solutions. Those solutions include Waste to Energy plants, Electricity Extension solutions and Waste Management solutions.
Energy and Electricity Challenges
Energy Resources and Challenges
Today, globally, there are four (4) major sources of energy. Fossil fuels (oil, coal, natural gas) account for about 81 percent of the energy resources, renewable energy (solar, tidal, wind) account for about 3 percent, nuclear energy for about 6 percent and biomass waste for about 10 percent.1
There are numerous challenges for most of these energy sources. Fossil fuels have a high carbon footprint with harmful emissions. There are unpredictable and fluctuating prices and there is a limited supply. Renewable energies lack the capacity to meet global energy demand and the energy storage technology is not yet mature. As it continues to be developed, costs are hard to determine making it not yet commercially practical. Nuclear energy has waste disposal and remediation issues. There is a lack of environmental protection of nuclear facilities from seismic, structural and thermal overload hazards (Three Mile Island in the US, Chernobyl in USSR, Fukushima in Japan). Treatment of nuclear waste is extremely costly, requiring long term monitoring, storage and compliance.
Africa’s Electricity Challenges
Africa as a continent faces many challenges in generating and supplying electricity to its consumers. There is the sustainability, consistency and reliability factor. There are a number of hydro plants throughout Africa that rely on the water supply. This is great during the rainy seasons, but much of Africa also goes through tremendous droughts. During those dry times these hydro plants can become dormant and therefore not produce any or very limited amounts of electricity. Because these droughts are unpredictable, when they do occur, it forces consumers of electricity to have to face blackouts or find other alternatives to produce the needed electricity. Many revert to the use of generators which is an added expense.
Another common source of generating electricity in Africa is through the use of fuel powered plants. Whether the fuel is oil, gas, coal or some other product, there are huge costs incurred to maintain these plants. These plants require a large consumption of fuel on a daily basis to continue to operate. Not only do the fuel costs fluctuate, they have to be produced, shipped in, piped in, or whatever the method is to operate these plants. Thermal plants are also common in Africa and these plants have the same issues as hydro and fuel powered plants.
Mali Electricity Info2,3
Despite external shocks, Mali’s economy grew by 5.3 percent per year between 2003 and 2006, driven primarily by the telecommunications sector. But Mali’s landlocked condition, together with the uneven distribution of population and economic activities between the arid north and the much richer south, defy the country’s ability to sustain this pace of growth. Mali depends heavily on regional infrastructure and transport corridors. A strategic focus on regional integration has paid off, and critical institutional decisions are bringing many positive developments. But Mali still faces infrastructure challenges, the starkest of which lies in the power sector. The cost of producing power in Mali is among the highest in the region, with the result that only around 17 percent of the population has access to electricity. Mali spent about $555 million per year on infrastructure during the late 2000s. A total of $200 million is lost annually to inefficiencies. Assessing spending needs against existing spending and potential efficiency gains leaves an annual funding gap of $283 million per year.
Electricity prices in Mali are high compared to similar countries in the region. The cost of producing power in Mali is between $0.33 and $0.39 per kilowatt-hour. This is because Mali’s power costs are pegged to international oil prices given its predominantly thermal-based generation capacity, and are prone of additional markups related to transport.
The energy demand in Mali is dominated by the residential sector, which accounts for about 70% of the country’s total consumption. This consumption is itself dominated by wood and charcoal for cooking. Biomass accounts for nearly 80% of the national energy supply. The pervasive use of biomass for domestic purposes is a contributor to deforestation and respiratory illness in Mali. The challenge for Mali is to meet its growing energy demand with affordable, reliable, domestic and imported energy supplies.
Mali’s energy situation is characterized by:
- An energy balance dominated by fuel wood – an indication of the immense pressure on the country’s forests. The deforestation rate is about 400,000 hectares per annum, to cater for approximately 6 million tonnes in yearly demand for wood;
- Sharp growth in electricity demand, about 10% a year, needing major investments to increase power generation capacity as well as transmission and supply;
- Rise in the electrification rate by 4% per year;
- Sharp rise in transport sector consumption, 80% of which is due to vehicular movements and 20% to the increasing number of vehicles.
Access to electricity in Mali more than doubled in the last decade, helped by the introduction of a successful program for rural electrification, AMADER, which widened access to more than 36,000 rural households since 2003. However, there is a substantial rural-urban gap in access. Mali’s population is 13 million, but there are only about 150,000 electricity connections, two-thirds of which are in the capital city of Bamako. The ratio of urban connections to rural connections is fourteen to one. The rural-urban electrification divide reveals that the country’s improvements in service access and quality were either in areas that were already electrified or were a result of extending the network to areas close to an EDM supply point.
Renewable energy (excluding large hydro > 10 MW) has never been properly and completely accounted for in any analysis, but could represent around 3% of conventional electricity generated, or about 9 MW. Average solar radiation in Mali is well distributed over the national territory with an estimated 5-7 kWh/m2/day and a daily sun lighting duration of 7-10 hours. The global typical average is only around 4-5 kWh/m2/day. Relatively significant wind energy potential is estimated, depending on the region of Mali. In the Sahelian and Saharan zones, the annual average wind speed is estimated at 3 to 7m/s.
Opportunities also exist to develop the capacity of sustainable biomass and biofuel uses, given the strong agricultural base of the economy. In particular, opportunities to scale up biofuel projects could be explored further. Mali has:
- in terms of fuel wood, about 33 million hectares with a standing volume of 520 million cubic meters and a weighted productivity in the entire country of about 0.86 cubic meter/ha/year;
- several million tons of agricultural residues and plant waste;
- an overall annual production capacity of 2,400,000 liters of alcohol since 1997; and
- about 2000 hectares of jatropha plantations for sustainable bio-fuel production.
The inventory of hydroelectric sites helped to identify about 10 sites mainly situated on the Niger and Senegal River with total estimated power of around 1,150 MW and an annual average energy generation of about 5,000 GWh. Of this potential, about 250 MW have been developed so far: Selingué and Sotuba Hydro Power Plants on the Niger River, Manantali Hydro Power Plant on the Senegal River (whose output is shared with Senegal and Mauritania). Among the potential mini and micro-hydro power sites identified, five represent potential mini-hydro power investments. There are also many sites for micro-hydro power plants. Electricity generation is vulnerable to climate variability since a significant portion of the supply in the Energie du Mali-Societe Anonyme (EDM SA) network comes from hydro power plants.
Benefits of Kyros Energy
As mentioned above, Kyros Energy LLC provides three distinct solutions: Waste to Energy plants, Electricity Extension Solutions and Waste Management Solutions. Along with those solutions there are numerous benefits to Kyros Energy.
Waste to Energy
Waste to energy can reduce the volume of trash by about 90 percent, resulting in a 90 percent decrease in the amount of land required for garbage disposal.4 The Waste to Energy (WTE) process is a cyclical process. Waste is collected or dropped off from homes and businesses, that waste is tipped out of waste trucks at the WTE Plant, that waste is sorted and processed into Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF), the RDF is fed into the WTE plant reactor, the reactor produces syngas, that syngas operates the engines, those engines produce electricity, that electricity flows to the grid, the grid powers homes and businesses and those homes and businesses generate waste that starts the process all over again.
The Kyros Energy technology uses Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that is converted to Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as a fuel feed for the gasification process to produce electricity and heat, a process that transforms un-recyclable waste into energy.
A 3-stage waste management model, “SORT-RDF-WTE”, is utilized
1) Sorting and shredding the mixed wastes.
2) Bio-Dry technology, which is a microbiological process that breaks down organic matter while reducing humidity. This reduces the moisture content from well over 50% typically to below 30%. The remaining waste will be composted, sorted and processed, converting the majority into RDF and the rest into recyclables, inert and rejected material.
3) The RDF is gasified into synthetic gas (Syngas) which powers the engines to produce electricity.
Electricity Extension Solutions
Kyros Energy provides numerous electricity extension solutions and components. Kyros Energy can provide a complete power system or individual components to enhance, extend, substitute or provide new for any existing power generation solution. The components are, but not limited to, turbines, generators, grids, power stations, transmission lines, transformers and meters.
Waste Management Solution
Kyros Energy provides various waste management solutions and components to create a waste management solution or assist in current operations of an existing waste management solution. As part of the waste management solution, Kyros Energy will lead a marketing and public relations campaign to educate and encourage waste collection, determine garbage pickup and drop off times and locations and how to efficiently utilize and eventually eliminate the need for landfills. Some components Kyros Energy will offer, but is not limited to, are various waste collection trucks and various waste receptacles for residential and commercial waste.
Project Management
As mentioned above, Kyros Energy has a diverse and experienced team with about 140 years of corporate and business experience and expertise. Once an assessment and analysis has been completed, Kyros Energy’s management team and resources of skilled laborers has the capability to design, construct and implement any of our three distinct solutions within 12 months.
Local Job Creation
Kyros Energy will train and employ local laborers to work with our team of skilled laborers. Kyros Energy will train and employ local laborers to operate and maintain our waste to energy plants. Kyros Energy will employ local laborers to work with our skilled laborers as the electricity extension systems are being constructed and once completed will train local laborers to operate and maintain those systems. Kyros Energy will also employ and train local laborers to operate daily waste management solutions.
Environmental Impact
Kyros Energy is not only focused on waste for the generation of electricity, but how waste affects health, the environment and aesthetics. By utilizing waste to energy processes in conjunction with Kyros, Mali can create or enhance waste management solutions that will assist in improving health and living conditions and the environment.
Summary of Benefits
Kyros Energy can provide numerous benefits depending on the need of the customer. The table below summarizes some of the benefits of partnering and working with Kyros Energy.
Capability Benefit
Waste to Energy Plants
Generate an estimated maximum output of 15 MW and can be operational in 12 months
Electrical Power Systems
Provide complete power systems or individual components and can be operational in 12 months
Waste Management Solutions
Lead a marketing campaign and determine waste pickup/drop off times/locations
Project Management
Diverse team with about 140 years of corporate and business experience and expertise
Local Job Creation
Train and employ local laborers to work with our team of skilled laborers
Environment Impacts
Assist in improving health and living conditions and the environment
